forodesine hydrochloride  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: Neurochemical Research

Article Title: ATP Restoration by ATP-Deprived Cultured Primary Astrocytes

doi: 10.1007/s11064-024-04276-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of inhibitors of adenosine metabolism on the utilization of adenosine for ATP restoration in glucose-fed astrocytes. Astrocyte cultures had been preincubated for 60 min in glucose-free IB with 1 µM of BAM15 to lower the cellular ATP content before the cells were incubated in glucose (5 mM)-containing IB without or with 30 µM adenosine in the absence or the presence of the adenosine kinase inhibitor ABT-702 (ABT; 10 µM), the adenosine deaminase inhibitor DCF (1 µM) and/or the purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor forodesine (Foro; 10 µM). After 60 min, the cellular ATP content ( a ) and the extracellular LDH activity ( b ) were determined. The data shown are means ± SD of values obtained in three experiments performed on independently prepared cultures. The average initial ATP content of the cultures (36.8 ± 1.6 nmol/mg) is indicated by the black dotted line in panel a. The protein content of the cultures was 130 ± 12 µg/well and the initial cellular LDH activity 119 ± 5 nmol/(min × well). The significance of differences (ANOVA) compared with the data obtained for the respective control incubation (absence of all inhibitors) is indicated by *** p < 0.001. The significance of differences (t-test) between data for adenosine-free and the respective adenosine-containing incubations is indicated by # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01and ### p < 0.001

Article Snippet: The adenosine kinase inhibitor ABT-702 and the purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor forodesine hydrochloride were obtained from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Neurochemical Research

Article Title: ATP Restoration by ATP-Deprived Cultured Primary Astrocytes

doi: 10.1007/s11064-024-04276-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prevention of the exclusive utilization of adenosine for ATP restoration by inhibitors of adenosine metabolism. Astrocyte cultures had been preincubated for 60 min in glucose-free IB with 1 µM of BAM15 to lower the cellular ATP content before the cells were incubated in glucose-free IB with 100 µM adenosine in the absence or the presence of the adenosine kinase inhibitor ABT-702 (ABT; 10 µM), the adenosine deaminase inhibitor DCF (1 µM) and/or the purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor forodesine (Foro; 10 µM). After 60 min, the cellular ATP content ( a ) and the extracellular LDH activity ( b ) were determined. The data shown are means ± SD of values obtained in three experiments performed on independently prepared cultures. The average initial ATP content of the cultures (37.3 ± 2.4 nmol/mg) is indicated by the black dotted line in panel a. The protein content of the cultures was 136 ± 22 µg/well and the initial cellular LDH activity was 163 ± 59 nmol/(min × well). The significance of differences (ANOVA) compared with the data obtained for the control incubation (absence of all inhibitors) is indicated by *** p < 0.001. The significance of differences (ANOVA) compared with the data obtained after the 60 min pre-incubation (8.1 ± 4.4 nmol/mg; indicated by the black dashed lines in panel a) is indicated by + p < 0.05 and +++ p < 0.001

Article Snippet: The adenosine kinase inhibitor ABT-702 and the purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor forodesine hydrochloride were obtained from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Activity Assay, Control